![]() ![]() Early studies attempted to tackle the problem by proposing acoustic invariance, which aims to find invariant acoustic cues produced by all speakers 2, 3. The lack of invariance problem is a fundamental problem in speech perception research, which refers to the fact that listeners need to overcome the acoustic differences of speech sounds produced by multiple speakers 1. We also discussed the procedure of normalization of speech signals produced by unfamiliar talker with and without contexts and the access of long-term stored representations. PPR is still accessed during speech perception even when contextual information is present. ![]() Based on the significant effects of distribution parameters, we proposed a probabilistic parametric representation (PPR), integrating knowledge from previously established distributions of speakers with their indexical information. State of the art statistical techniques have been used to examine the effects of distribution parameters in normalization and identification curves with respect to each parameter. We proceeded to conduct three experiments using both naturally produced lexical tones with estimated distributions and manipulated lexical tones with f0 values generated from simulated distributions. This study starts out by modelling distributions of acoustic cues from a speech corpus. The current study is the first to test the contributions of mentally stored distributional information in normalization of prosodic cues. The lack of invariance problem in speech perception refers to a fundamental problem of how listeners deal with differences of speech sounds produced by various speakers. ![]()
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